Increasing Women’s Involvement in the Political Process
Speech given by Helen Goodman MP to The Hansard Society, 14/10/08.
Certain content has been altered or removed from this speech in order to comply with House of Commons rules that ‘no party political material is permitted in any part of a publication or funded wholly or in part from the [Communications] Allowance’.
An abridged version of this speech was published on the Guardian’s comment website, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/oct/19/labour-conservatives
“I am very glad to be here today to discuss the Hansard Society’s recent paper No Politics Please: We’re Women.
1. Women Voters
Let me start by saying that I absolutely reject the premise that women are less interested or less knowledgeable about politics than men.
But politics, as with many other spheres of public life, is still dominated by men and it has been for many centuries: politics has been made in man’s image, and it is perhaps not surprising that women feel removed from the current political process.
Politics is just as relevant to women as it is to men, but there are two distinct differences:
i) The political agenda: Women, from my experience, are not as interested in the economy as men are. When I knock on doors in Bishop Auckland, I find that women’s key concern is the NHS and the needs of carers.
ii) Style: Women tend not to be so concerned by institutional arrangements and big numbers, and focus instead on particular issues and how they affect their families.
But while these are generalisations, one thing politicians know for certain is that we can only win elections if we win the support of female voters.
In 1997 Labour won a landslide because a large number of women voted for us. In the 1980s and 1990s – when Labour were in opposition – they won around 30% of women’s votes, but in 1997 made a huge step forward, with 44% of women voting Labour.
In 1997 Labour also returned more than 100 woman MPs for the first time, and expectations were high that radical change would follow.
On balance, has this radical change been achieved in the last decade?
I think that if we look at the policy changes in paid maternity leave and family-friendly working hours, the huge increases in spending on health care and education, and the introduction of Sure Start centres and the minimum wage, we can see radical change benefiting women.
But in terms of changing the style; politics in Britain is still seen as a kind of boxing match, as Brown vs Cameron, and this has not changed much in the last ten years.
2. Women Politicians
Today, almost 20% of MPs are women, and they are making a real impact.
This increase in female representation is due in no small part to the use of all-women shortlists, which were introduced by the Labour Party in 1997 and used again in 2005. And from my own experience I can say that without a shadow of doubt, I would have had no chance of being selected without the use of an all-woman shortlist.
Over many years I made huge efforts, and spent a great deal of money trying to win selection as a candidate, and whenever the open-list system was used, I was not even shortlisted. Under the all-woman shortlist, however, I was shortlisted every time.
I went to a comprehensive school, I studied at Oxford, I spent a decade as a senior civil servant at the Treasury, and I ran two Children’s charities, and yet under the open-list system I had no chance of being selected.
I fought no fewer than twelve selections, and throughout this process I received some thoroughly patronising advice. People told me, for example, that I needed to be a councillor before I would have any chance of being selected. Well I wonder if anyone said that to David Miliband?
There is still huge prejudice to overcome in the British political system and I was lucky to gain emotional support from my cousin in Denmark, where female representation is much higher.
Indeed, an international comparison shows that of the 17 countries with the highest percentage of woman MPs, 14 of them have some form of quota – whether it be constitutional or by political parties – to increase female representation. This demonstrates that concerted action is needed to increase the number of woman MPs.
Voluntarism does not work.
But if fewer female MPs were returned in the next General Election, would this matter to women, and would it make a real difference to British politics? I think it would, for two major reasons:
i) The political agenda. As I mentioned earlier, the agenda in the last decade to tackle issues that directly concern woman such as maternity leave and early years care. I will give another example, though, that shows this shift very clearly.
When I became an MP, I set up The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Children’s Play and, at that time, I know it was not taken seriously by many MPs and that some had joined only as a favour to me. Now, however, the Government have announced a national Play strategy and have committed £250 million to improve play facilities which are crucial to the quality of children’s lives. I know this could never have been achieved without women MPs.
ii) Visibility. If women see that politics is closed off to them, that it remains a men-only club then they are far less likely to participate and to put themselves forward. Where women are MPs, it encourages women to vote, to campaign and to engage in politics. This has recently been demonstrated by the Electoral Commission’s report Gender and Political Participation.
3. Women in Parliament
There have also been recent changes to the way Parliament works in order to make the increase in the number of women MP sustainable.
The Government have introduced timetables by ‘programming’ legislation and restructuring Parliament’s hours to produce a more family-friendly environment at Westminster. The parliamentary schedule now has far fewer late sittings and hours are more predictable, which makes it far easier to arrange childcare.
But simplifying Parliament’s working hours has also enabled Parliament to work more effectively. By reducing the number of late sittings, scrutiny of legislation is now done during the day when people can concentrate rather than in the middle of the night, and far fewer debates now end up being guillotined.
In the last decade, therefore, much has been done to improve the number and status of women in Parliament, but there is still much to do.
